DESIGN AGAINST AND FOR CRIME IN URBAN LIFE:
CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) VERSUS DESIGN FOR CRIME

Crime is a daily occurrence of  the contemporary urban life. Particularly in urban environments people experience crime in different and varied formats. It is also believed that particular types of crime can be reduced by a better design and maintenance of the built environment as well as public and personal safety tools. Using design to reduce opportunities for crime is known as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. CPTED is an approach combining psychology, behavioural and learning theory that focuses attention on the physical environment, rather than the social environment and  tackles crimes such as street robbery and vandalism, and also fear of crime in public places. CPTED also advocates that the better design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a decrease in crime and the fear of crime, as well as an improvement of the quality of life.

Although CPTED has been effectively used for more than 40 years to reduce crime and improve a community's quality of life, it has been criticized for its limitations. For example; CPTED specialist Tom McKay advocates that one of the CPTED’s greatest limitations is its inability to adapt to behavioural change. His first arguement is that human behaviour is not static, it is forever evolving. The second is that human behaviour drives physical design which in turn can reinforce desired human behaviour. And third, as the main argument of this particular study, design as a tool does not serve in one, and a positive way. Any design move brings about a counter design reaction especially in conflicting situations where opposing parties like criminal-victim or offender-defender exist.

In this study, the main purpose is while examining the relationship between crime and the spatial built environment by measuring the principles of “CPTED” to analyze and present also the ANTI-CPTED design tools of the offending parties. To do this, a comparison of  last design of  Konak Square and CPTED principles will be carried out with research tools and will be compared with the design tools of the offending parties. Strategic, industrial, psychological, and local design tools of the offenders will also be presented in the paper.  This study is supposed to be a contribution if additional principles will also be needed that has not been covered by existing CPTED principles to improve security considerations against crime in public places.